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1.
Cir Pediatr ; 32(3): 128-134, 2019 Jul 29.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31486304

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Pain in the right iliac fossa is a frequent reason for consultation and the diagnosis of appendicitis remains a challenge. The Pediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS) stratifies the risk of suffering appendicitis, and abdominal ultrasound provides information without irradiation. This study aims to correlate the score and the ultrasound with the screening of appendicitis and evaluate its efficiency. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective study of cases and controls, analytical, observational and longitudinal. Patients <15 years of age, treated for suspected appendicitis in the emergency department of a II level center, were evaluated for 6 months. The data were analyzed univariate and bivariate, using nonparametric and parametric tests according to the distribution. RESULTS: 68 patients with pain in the right iliac fossa were included: 26 appendicitis (cases) (38.2%) and 42 (61.7%) other diagnoses (controls). The PAS in appendicitis was 7.5±1.8 and in other diagnoses 5.4±1.8 (p <0.01). At 70.5% with PAS ≥4 an ultrasound was performed (diagnosis of appendicitis 58.1%, discarded 25.6% and inconclusive 16.3%). Sensitivity and specificity were calculated by PAS groups only, and including ultrasound. The best result was for PAS ≥4 with ultrasound with a sensitivity of 96.2%, specificity 94.1%, PPV 96.1% and NPV 94.1%. CONCLUSIONS: PAS is a good screening tool for the diagnosis of appendicitis. Ultrasound presents a high efficiency for the diagnosis of appendicitis. This efficiency improves when performed in the group of patients with PAS ≥4.


INTRODUCCION: El dolor en fosa ilíaca derecha es un motivo frecuente de consulta y el diagnóstico de apendicitis sigue siendo un reto. El Pediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS) estratifica el riesgo de padecer apendicitis, y la ecografía abdominal aporta información sin irradiación. Este estudio pretende correlacionar su puntuación y la ecografía con el despistaje de apendicitis y valorar su rendimiento. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Estudio prospectivo de casos y controles, analítico, observacional y longitudinal. Se evaluó a los pacientes <15 años, atendidos por sospecha de apendicitis en urgencias de un centro de II nivel, durante 6 meses. Se analizaron los datos de forma univariante y bivariante, utilizando pruebas no paramétricas y paramétricas según la distribución. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 68 pacientes con dolor en fosa ilíaca derecha: 26 apendicitis (casos) (38,2%) y 42 (61,7%) otros diagnósticos (controles). El PAS en apendicitis fue de 7,5±1,8 y en otros diagnósticos de 5,4±1,8 (p <0,01). Al 70,5% con PAS ≥4 se les realizó una ecografía (diagnósticas de apendicitis 58,1%, descartaron 25,6% y no concluyentes 16,3%). Se calculó la sensibilidad y especificidad por grupos de PAS solamente, e incluyendo la ecografía. El mejor resultado fue para PAS ≥4 con realización de ecografía con una sensibilidad 96,2%, especificidad 94,1%, VPP 96,1% y VPN 94,1%. CONCLUSIONES: El PAS es una buena herramienta de cribado para el diagnóstico de apendicitis. La ecografía presenta un alto rendimiento para el diagnóstico de apendicitis. Este rendimiento mejora al realizarla en el grupo de pacientes con PAS ≥4.


Assuntos
Dor Abdominal/etiologia , Apendicite/diagnóstico por imagem , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
2.
Cir. pediátr ; 32(3): 128-134, jul. 2019. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-183731

RESUMO

Introducción: El dolor en fosa ilíaca derecha es un motivo frecuente de consulta y el diagnóstico de apendicitis sigue siendo un reto. El Pediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS) estratifica el riesgo de padecer apendicitis, y la ecografía abdominal aporta información sin irradiación. Este estudio pretende correlacionar su puntuación y la ecografía con el despistaje de apendicitis y valorar su rendimiento. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio prospectivo de casos y controles, analítico, observacional y longitudinal. Se evaluó a los pacientes <15 años, atendidos por sospecha de apendicitis en urgencias de un centro de II nivel, durante 6 meses. Se analizaron los datos de forma univariante y bivariante, utilizando pruebas no paramétricas y paramétricas según la distribución. Resultados: Se incluyeron 68 pacientes con dolor en fosa ilíaca derecha: 26 apendicitis (casos) (38,2%) y 42 (61,7%) otros diagnósticos (controles). El PAS en apendicitis fue de 7,5±1,8 y en otros diagnósticos de 5,4±1,8 (p<0,01). Al 70,5% con PAS ≥4 se les realizó una ecografía (diagnósticas de apendicitis 58,1%, descartaron 25,6% y no concluyentes 16,3%). Se calculó la sensibilidad y especificidad por grupos de PAS solamente, e incluyendo la ecografía. El mejor resultado fue para PAS ≥4 con realización de ecografía con una sensibilidad 96,2%, especificidad 94,1%, VPP 96,1% y VPN 94,1%. Conclusiones: El PAS es una buena herramienta de cribado para el diagnóstico de apendicitis. La ecografía presenta un alto rendimiento para el diagnóstico de apendicitis. Este rendimiento mejora al realizarla en el grupo de pacientes con PAS ≥4


Introduction: Pain in the right iliac fossa is a frequent reason for consultation and the diagnosis of appendicitis remains a challenge. The Pediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS) stratifies the risk of suffering appendicitis, and abdominal ultrasound provides information without irradiation. This study aims to correlate the score and the ultrasound with the screening of appendicitis and evaluate its efficiency. Patients and methods: Prospective study of cases and controls, analytical, observational and longitudinal. Patients <15 years of age, treated for suspected appendicitis in the emergency department of a II level center, were evaluated for 6 months. The data were analyzed univariate and bivariate, using nonparametric and parametric tests according to the distribution. Results: 68 patients with pain in the right iliac fossa were included: 26 appendicitis (cases) (38.2%) and 42 (61.7%) other diagnoses (controls). The PAS in appendicitis was 7.5±1.8 and in other diagnoses 5.4±1.8 (p <0.01). At 70.5% with PAS ≥4 an ultrasound was performed (diagnosis of appendicitis 58.1%, discarded 25.6% and inconclusive 16.3%). Sensitivity and specificity were calculated by PAS groups only, and including ultrasound. The best result was for PAS ≥4 with ultrasound with a sensitivity of 96.2%, specificity 94.1%, PPV 96.1% and NPV 94.1%. Conclusions: PAS is a good screening tool for the diagnosis of appendicitis. Ultrasound presents a high efficiency for the diagnosis of appendicitis. This efficiency improves when performed in the group of patients with PAS ≥4


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Apendicite/diagnóstico por imagem , Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Dor Abdominal/etiologia , Ultrassonografia , Ílio/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Longitudinais , 28599
3.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 76(3/4): e50-e53, mar.-abr. 2018. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-177398

RESUMO

Introducción: Las tumoraciones interlabiales en las niñas son una patología poco frecuente. Abarcan un amplio espectro de posibles lesiones que pueden generar confusión en su diagnóstico y manejo. Caso clínico: Niña de 8 años de edad que acude al servicio de urgencias por presentar flujo vaginal sanguinolento y prurito de 5 días de evolución. Inicialmente se orientó como himenitis, pero ante la persistencia de la clínica, se realizó una vaginoscopia y una cistoscopia, en las que se observó un prolapso de la mucosa uretral de grado II-III. Se trató la afección de manera conservadora con estrógenos tópicos y baños de asiento, y la paciente no ha precisado cirugía hasta el momento. Las masas interlabiales en las niñas generan confusión en su diagnóstico, manejo y pronóstico. Discusión: Conocer las características clínicas propias de cada entidad permitirá hacer un buen diagnóstico, sin precisar pruebas invasivas y más costosas, y asimismo, evitará un retraso en el diagnóstico. Conclusiones: Presentamos un caso clínico de tumoración interlabial en una niña en edad prepuberal como forma de presentación del prolapso uretral, una patología poco frecuente en la infancia


Introduction: Interlabial tumors in children are a rare finding. They cover a broad spectrum of possible causes that can lead to confusion in diagnosis and management. Case report: A 8-year-old
girl who was referred to the emergency room for 5 days of bloody vaginal discharge and itching. Initially a hymenitis was suspected but due to the persistence of the symptoms a cystoscopy was performed, showing prolapsed urethral mucosa grade II-III. She was treated conservatively with topical estrogens and sitz baths without needing surgery so far. Discussion: Genital masses in girls generate confusion in diagnosis, management and prognosis. Knowing the clinical features of each entity may allow us a good diagnosis without requiring more invasive and expensive tests and thus also avoid a delay in the diagnosis. Conclusion: We present a case of interlabial mass as a form of presentation of urethral prolapse, a rare pathology in childhood


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Hemorragia Uterina/etiologia , Genitália Feminina/patologia , Prurido/patologia , Prognóstico , Prolapso , Cistoscopia/métodos , Vagina/cirurgia , Uretra/anormalidades
4.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 74(5): 118-123, mayo 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-152897

RESUMO

Objetivo: El objetivo principal de este estudio es analizar los cambios producidos en la velocidad de crecimiento durante los 2 primeros años de terapia con hormona del crecimiento recombinante humana (rhGH) en niños pequeños para su edad gestacional (PEG), en estadio I de Tanner, atendidos en el servicio de pediatría del hospital de referencia de la provincia de Lleida. Material y métodos: Se han recogido los datos de los pacientes PEG que han seguido tratamiento con rhGH durante al menos 2 años, en estadio I de Tanner al inicio y al final del periodo. Se han utilizado como referencia los datos del estudio español de crecimiento de 2010. Resultados: El número de pacientes que cumplen estos criterios es de 58 (un 45% varones y un 55% mujeres). La media de edad al inicio del tratamiento fue de 8 ± 2,7 años. La velocidad de crecimiento (VC) previa al tratamiento era de 5,2 ± 2,8 cm. En el primer año de tratamiento la VC fue de 8,6 ± 1,9 cm y en el segundo de 7 ± 2,1 cm. El análisis de regresión lineal ajustado por la edad del niño muestra un aumento significativo en la VC después del primer y segundo año respecto al valor inicial pretratamiento, mayor tras el primer año que tras el segundo. La desviación estándar (DE) de la talla previa al tratamiento era de -2,6 ± 0,4 (-2,1 ± 0,5 en el primer año y -1,8 ± 0,6 en el segundo). El análisis de regresión lineal muestra un aumento significativo en la DE después del primer y segundo año respecto al valor inicial pretratamiento, es decir, una aproximación progresiva a los valores normales. La dosis inicial de rhGH fue de 0,035 mg/kg/día. Durante el periodo estudiado no se han producido efectos secundarios que hayan precisado la suspensión del tratamiento en ningún caso. Conclusiones: Los datos incluidos en este estudio demuestran que el tratamiento con rhGH favorece el crecimiento en los niños PEG, observándose su máximo efecto durante el primer año (AU)


Objective: To analyze the changes produced in the growth velocity among small for gestational age (SGA) children in Tanner's first stage, receiving recombinant human growth hormone therapy (rhGH), in the Paediatric Department of Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, hospital of reference in province of Lleida in northern Spain. Material and methods: Patient information was collected before and after treatment for two years with rhGH. Data from the Spanish growth study of 2010 were used as reference. Results: The number of patients who fulfilled inclusion criteria was 58 (45% male; 55% female). The average age at the beginning of treatment was 8 ± 2.7 years. The growth velocity (GV) prior to treatment was 5.2 ± 2.8 cm per year. In the first year of treatment, the GV increased to 8.6 ± 1.9 cm/yr and in the second year of the study, to 7 ± 2.1 cm/yr. Linear regression analysis adjusted for age showed a significant increase in GV after the first and second year compared to the pretreatment value, with a greater increase in the first year of treatment than in the second. The standard deviation (SD) of size prior to treatment was -2.6 ± 0.4 (-2.1 ± 0.5 in the first year and -1.8 ± 0.6 in the second year). Linear regression analysis showed a significant increase in the SD after the first and second years of treatment compared to the pretreatment value; in other words, a progressive return to normal values was found. The initial dose of rhGH was 0.035 mg/kg/day. During the study period there were no reported adverse effects which necessitated suspension of treatment. Conclusion: The data found in this study show that treatment with rhGH promotes growth in SGA children, producing a maximum effect in the first year of treatment (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Hormônio do Crescimento/metabolismo , Hormônio do Crescimento/uso terapêutico , Nanismo Hipofisário/terapia , Crescimento e Desenvolvimento/fisiologia , Idade Gestacional , Modelos Lineares , Peso-Estatura/genética , Peso-Estatura/fisiologia , Razão Cintura-Estatura , Estudos Retrospectivos , 28599
7.
Cir Pediatr ; 23(4): 206-10, 2010 Oct.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21520551

RESUMO

Some series have shown a decrease in the incidence of intestinal invaginations in last years. Moreover, the recent introduction of new types of rotavirus vaccines increases the interest of invagination' s incidence. To this purpose, reliable local epidemiological data are needed. In order to ascertain the trend in the incidence of invaginations and their current value in our area we have performed a retrospective review of patients under 3 years of age with the diagnosis of intussusception and confiemes with barium enema or ultrasound examination during the past 21 years. Our results show a statistically significant decrease in the incidence rate, with an incidence rate of one year from the previous 0.82 (95% 0,78-0, 86) from an estimated incidence for 1987 of 17.74 cases per 10,000 girls and 30.04 cases per 10,000 boys, in 2008 an estimated incidence of 0.27 cases per 10,000 girls and 0.49 cases per 10,000 boys. We conclude that in our population during the dtudy period a significant decrease of invagination' sincidence has been seen, especially in patients younger than one year. The current incidence is 0.27 cases per 10,000 girls and 0.49 cases per 10,000 boys less than 3 years old.


Assuntos
Intussuscepção/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo
9.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 64(7): 348-352, jul. 2006. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-049981

RESUMO

La secuencia de Poland es una anomalía musculosquelética congénita caracterizada por la ausencia de la porción esternal del músculo pectoral mayor asociada a braquisindactilia. Se presenta con una incidencia aproximada de 1/20.000-30.000 nacidos vivos (un 75% de los casos corresponde a varones), y en un 70% está afectado el lado derecho. Además de la asociacióncon la braquisandactilial, aausencia del pectoral mayor puede presentarse aislada o bien asociada a otras malformaciones, especialmente de la zona pectoral o del brazo y la mano homolaterales, como sindactilia, ausencia del pectoral menor, hipoplasia de la extremidad o amastia. También se puede asociar a alteraciones de otros territorios, como dextrocardia, síndrome de Moebius o neurofibromatosis. La etiología es desconocida y habitualmente no presenta base hereditaria. Se ha propuesto como teoría patogénica una hipoplasia de la arteria subclavia fetal. El tratamiento es quirúrgico, fundamentalmente con fines estéticoso para corregirlas a1teraciones funcionales de la mano que esta anomalía conlleva. Aportamos dos casos tratados en nuestro servicio de pediatría: uno corresponde a un varón recién nacido, con afectacióndel pectoral mayor e hipoplasia del arco anterior de las costillas 2-5, y el otro a una niña de 9 años afectada de asma mediada por inmunoglobulina E (lgE), que asocia a la agenesia del pectoral mayor una hipoplasia de la mama, una hipoplasia de la mano y braquisindactilia


Poland sequence is a congenital musculoskeletal disorder characterized by agenesis of the sternal portion of the pectoralis major muscle and brachysyndactyly. The incidence is about 1/20,000 to 1/30,000 live births. The ratio of males to females is 3:1 and the right is the side aftected in 70% of cases. The agenesis of the pectoralis major muscle can be the only manifestation or can be associated with other lesions in the pectoral region and ipsilateral upper extremity: brachysyndactyly, absence of the pectoralis minar muscle, hypoplasia of the arm or hand or amastia. Its association with other conditions, like dextrocardia, Moebius syndrome or neurofibromatosisis also possible. The etiology is unknown, and it is usually not hereditary. Hypoplasia of the fetal subclavian artery has been proposed as an underlying cause. The treatment is surgical, mainly for cosmetic reconstruction or improvement in the function of the affected hand. We report two new cases observed in our service. One involves a male infant with agenesis of pectoralis major and hypolasia of anterior arch of the 2nd to 5th ribs. The other patient isa 9-year-old girl with IgE-mediated asthma and agenesis of the pectoralis, breast hypoplasia, Sprengel's deformity and brachysyndacty


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Criança , Humanos , Síndrome de Poland/diagnóstico , Tórax/anormalidades , Síndrome de Poland/complicações , Anormalidades Musculoesqueléticas/diagnóstico , Músculos Peitorais/anormalidades
13.
An Esp Pediatr ; 46(2): 151-5, 1997 Feb.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9157804

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Salmonella is the most frequent cause of bacterial acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in our setting. Usually its course is self-limited, but it sometimes can lead to bacteremia, principally in young infants and malnourished or immunosuppressed children. Bacteremia is less frequent in healthy people and in those over one year of age. This study was carried out to assess the incidence of bacteremia during Salmonella GE and to detect parameters that could lead to bacteremia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of positive stool cultures in our hospital between 1991 and 1993 was performed. Data about the epidemiology, clinical features cultures and analytical procedures were drawn from clinical records. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: During this period of time, 860 cases of AGE were observed with 86 stool cultures positive for Salmonella (10%). Six of them also had positive blood cultures (7%). All 6 patients with bacteremia were healthy previously and five were over 12 months old. The outcome was good in all cases, without focalizations of the bacteremia. We could not detect any differences between patients with positive blood cultures and the patients without bacteremia. CONCLUSIONS: Bacteremia during Salmonella AGE is not infrequent and is not limited to young infants or patients with underlying diseases. None of the parameters analyzed were useful in predicting the possibility of bacteremia.


Assuntos
Gastroenterite/microbiologia , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Feminino , Gastroenterite/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos
14.
An Esp Pediatr ; 33(5): 451-6, 1990 Nov.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2096759

RESUMO

We studied retrospectively 12 children with lupus nephritis divided in two groups according to the treatment made. The patients in the first group received oral 6-methyl-prednisolone alone, until children in the second received too oral cyclophosphamide. At the moment of the admission, no statistical differences were seen between both groups in terms of age, sex, clinical features, renal function, laboratory values and renal pathology based on the classification of the World Health Organisation. Patients in the second group showed a significantly better evolution in mortality (p less than 0.05), improvement of proteinuria and glomerular filtration rate (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05 respectively) and laboratory values, without important adverse effects. It seems that the addition of cyclophosphamide in the treatment of patients with lupus nephritis is useful to improve the prognosis of the illness in our patients.


Assuntos
Ciclofosfamida/uso terapêutico , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Nefrite Lúpica/tratamento farmacológico , Metilprednisolona/uso terapêutico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino
16.
An Esp Pediatr ; 32(4): 303-6, 1990 Apr.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2368992

RESUMO

Between April 1987 and April 1988, 11 children with the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, have been treated with a short-course chemotherapy consisting in the administration of isoniacid (10-20 mg/kg, maximum 300 mg), rifampicin (10-20 mg/kg, maximum 600 mg), ethambutol (15-25 mg/kg, maximum 2.5 g) and pyraxinamide (15-30 mg/kg, maximum 2g) daily for two months, followed by the administration of isoniacid and rifampicin at the same dosage, daily, for the next four months. The results were excellent, symptoms cleared in few days and laboratory values and radiographic alterations cleared in few weeks. Only one of the children had to discontinue the therapy for a pyrazinamide intoleration. The advantages of this treatment are evident, short-course suppose greater comfort for the patient, a better observance of the therapy and less cost with a similar efficacy and without a larger incidence of adverse effects. We conclude that this therapy could be in children so useful than in adults, although more studies with larger series are needed.


Assuntos
Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Tuberculose Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Criança , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Esquema de Medicação , Etambutol/uso terapêutico , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Feminino , Humanos , Isoniazida/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Rifampina/uso terapêutico , Espanha
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